Moura de Sousa, JorgeSousa, AnaBourgard, CatarinaGordo, Isabel2018-05-182018-05-182015-09Potential for adaptation overrides cost of resistance Jorge Moura de Sousa, Ana Sousa, Catarina Bourgard, and Isabel Gordo Future Microbiology 2015 10:9, 1415-1431http://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/870The deposited article is a post-print version and has been submitted to peer review.This deposit is composed by the main article plus the supplementary materials of the publication.This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/To investigate the cost of antibiotic resistance versus the potential for resistant clones to adapt in maintaining polymorphism for resistance. Materials & methods: Experimental evolution of Escherichia coli carrying different resistance alleles was performed under an environment devoid of antibiotics and evolutionary parameters estimated from their frequencies along time. Results & conclusion: Costly resistance mutations were found to coexist with lower cost resistances for hundreds of generations, contrary to the hypothesis that the cost of a resistance dictates its extinction. Estimated evolutionary parameters for the different resistance backgrounds suggest a higher adaptive potential of clones with costly antibiotic resistance mutations, overriding their initial cost of resistance and allowing their maintenance in the absence of drugs.engantibiotic resistanceclonal interferenceepistasisevolvabilityexperimental evolutionjournal article10.2217/fmb.15.61