Alvarez, CatalinaCampos, Ana ClaudiaHoward, Jonathan CLoureiro, JoanaMüller, Urs BenediktRodrigues, Ana Lina2020-03-112020-03-112020Alvarez C, Campos AC, Howard JC, Loureiro J, Müller UB, Rodrigues AL. Methods for the Measurement of Early Events in Toxoplasma gondii Immunity in Mouse Cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2071:371–409http://hdl.handle.net/10400.7/929Critical steps in resistance of mice against Toxoplasma gondii occur in the first 2 or 3 h after the pathogen has entered a cell that has been exposed to interferon γ (IFNγ). The newly formed parasitophorous vacuole is attacked by the IFNγ-inducible IRG proteins and disrupted, resulting in death of the parasite and necrotic death of the cell. Here we describe some techniques that we have used to describe and quantify these events in different combinations of the host and the parasite.engResearch Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCESToxoplasma gondii Parasitophorous vacuole Mouse Innate immunity IRG proteins Interferon-γ Diaphragm-derived cells Reactive necrosis Flow cytometry Immunofluorescencebook part10.1007/978-1-4939-9857-9_20